What are GLP-1 RAs?
GLP-1 medicines, more specifically GLP-1 RAs, stand for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. They have gained popularity since the first one was approved in 2005 because of their immense metabolic benefits for those with type 2 diabetes and obesity.
GLP-1 medicines are designed to mimic the function of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is a hormone our body naturally produces and secretes from cells in our intestine.1 This hormone serves many functions in the body, such as stimulating the release of insulin (a hormone that regulates our blood sugar), increasing feelings of fullness, and improving the metabolism of glucose.1
These various functions are often impaired in those with diabetes and obesity; therefore, GLP-1 medicines are helpful for improving insulin sensitivity and weight management and for reducing cardiovascular disease risk in these populations.1 There are multiple forms of GLP-1 RAs, such as dulaglutides (e.g., Trulicity), liraglutides (e.g., Victoza), and semaglutides (e.g., Ozempic).1
In terms of side effects, GLP-1 RAs have a generally benign symptom profile that most commonly includes gastrointestinal effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. They’re dose-dependent and often improve over time. For most people, the benefits outweigh the risks when used under proper medical supervision.
GLP-1 RA aftermath
Research shows that weight loss effects may continue up to four weeks after discontinuing a GLP-1 medicine, but weight regain is commonly seen at eight weeks post-discontinuation.
GLP-1 RAs and nutrient deficiencies
Emerging research shows a link between the use of GLP-1 RAs and nutrient deficiencies. One recent study revealed that many individuals using GLP-1 RAs did not meet the daily recommended amount for overall nutrient intake.3
A potential reason cited was the action of GLP-1 RAs on the gastrointestinal tract and appetite suppression, which creates a risk of displacing nutrient intake and can cause deficiencies in vitamins and minerals.3
While more research is needed in this area, adequate nutrition is critical to proper nutrient consumption when utilizing GLP-1 RA medicines. The good news is there are ways to plug nutritional gaps.
Nutrition checklist
Recommended dietary allowances for adults:
Protein: Males and females—0.8 g per kilogram of body weight per day
Sources: lean meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy, beans, nuts and seeds, soy
Fibre: Males—30 to 38 g per day; Females—21 to 25 g per day
Sources: fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds, whole grains
Carbohydrates: Males and females—130 g per day
Sources: grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes
Hydration: Males—3.7 litres per day; Females—2.7 litres per day
Sources: Water and unsweetened teas count toward your fluid intake. Add fruits, including citrus, to your water for a flavour boost!
Importance of good nutrition
The risks of poor diet quality and inadequate protein intake are widely researched and documented. A poor diet high in saturated fats and inflammatory foods can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and levels of inflammation that drive chronic illness.3
Protein, specifically, is an important macromolecule and one of the most fundamental building blocks for the human body. Naturopathic doctor Emily Cianciolo says, “Protein serves more functions than we think: it provides us with amino acids, which help transport molecules around the body, make our enzymes and tissues, and build our neurotransmitters”.
Additionally, Cianciolo highlights the role protein plays in weight management and notes, “A high-protein diet has significant evidence of reducing fat mass while preserving muscle mass and improving overall body composition.”
Breaking down weight management
While GLP-1 medicines were first used for treating diabetes, they’re increasingly being used for weight management. Authors of recent research findings conclude that patient-centred nutritional guidance and evidence-based care are critical to implementing safe, effective, and sustainable weight-loss strategies using these medications.3
It’s important to highlight the differences between natural and synthetic weight management. Firstly, GLP-1 RA use causes a more rapid loss in weight at a rate of 14.9 percent versus 5 to 7 percent with traditional methods like diet and exercise.3 Secondly, this rapid effect on weight loss also causes an overall decrease in muscle mass that is not often seen with natural weight-loss methods.3
GLP-1 RAs remain beneficial tools for metabolic health, offering effective options for diabetics and those looking for support with weight management. Working with a healthcare practitioner who can help you navigate foundational pillars of health like nutrition and exercise while utilizing a GLP-1 RA will be protective for your overall well-being and longevity.
Supplementing nutrients
Here are some supplements that can help you fill a nutrient gap:
- Greens powders, while not a replacement for vegetable intake, can provide some vitamins, minerals, and polyphenols.
- Electrolyte powders can provide vitamins and improve hydration, especially with sweat loss.
- Plant-based protein powders can help increase intake of this important macronutrient, which can also help with weight management.6
- Magnesium is beneficial for many health parameters as a cofactor in hundreds of mechanisms in the body.
- Collagen powder can help support the health of your skin and joints.
This article was originally published in the January 2026 issue of alive magazine.
