Freshness: Use coffee beans within 2-4 weeks of the roast date for best results. Pre-ground coffee will never produce the same quality.
Temperature: Most machines maintain 195-205°F automatically. If your espresso tastes sour, your water may be too cool. Bitter espresso can mean water that’s too hot.
Alternative Methods: Don’t have an espresso machine? Try the portable espresso maker method, French press espresso, or Moka pot for different approaches that don’t require expensive equipment.
Making Multiple Drinks: If making lattes or cappuccinos for multiple people, pull shots in succession and start steaming milk after your second shot.


